Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial activity of nanoparticles ointment preparation using Blimbi extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L)

Indonesia has various beneficial plants species which has not been specifically cultivated yet. One of those plants was Blimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Blimbi had potential on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria as the antibacterial. Its nanoparticle became a carrier which dissolved, trapped, encapsulated, or attached the chemical preparation inside its matrix. This study aimed to compare whether the shape of the nanoparticles using Blimbi extract were more efficient and could increase antibacterial activity in a single state or in ointment preparations. As the methodology, this study used experiment because it changed the extract to nanoparticles form. The formed nanoparticles were dried using spray drying and tested for antibacterial activity. Afterward, nanoparticles extract will be mixed with ointment basis and the antibacterial activity will be evaluated and tested. Blimbi extract can be formulated in a form of absorbent ointment preparation with dark brown color and unique fragrance with 6.42-6.80 pH, 6.16-6.90 mm spreadability. The inhibition diameter of nanoparticles’ Blimbi extract on Staphylococcus aureus was 20 mm, while for Escherichia coli was 19.75 mm. The nanoparticles amount was bigger rather than the extract, 15.50 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 12.25 for Escherichia coli. Meanwhile in ointment preparation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, the amount was 15.84 mm and 14.73 for Escherichia coli. Hence, the nanoparticles using Blimbi extract and the ointment using Blimbi extract were safe and did not irritate the skin.